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Tools for Counterpoint

A.1 The 14 orbits

OrbitInterval recipeForteDegreeFunction
Q777 (Summit)[7,7,7]4-238Tonic
Q787 (Plateau)[7,8,7]4-268Stable plateau (Cm7-flavored)
Q686 (Saddle)[6,8,6]4-258Structural dominant (max betweenness)
Q877 (Plateau)[8,7,7] / [7,7,8]4-226Stable plateau (one A5)
Q786 (Upper Slope)[7,8,6]4-276Connector (dominant-7-flavored)
Q688 (Precipice)[6,8,8] / [8,8,6]4-246Edge of stability
Q776 (Upper Slope)[7,7,6]4-165Slope (one d5)
Q876 (Lower Slope)[8,7,6]4-185Slope (max heterogeneity)
Q767 (Valley)[7,6,7]4-84Valley (pinched)
Q676 (Narrows)[6,7,6]4-94Most constrained
Q878 (Valley)[8,7,8]4-174Valley (two A5s)
Q868 (Valley)[8,6,8]4-214Whole-tone tetrachord
Q788 (Precipice)[7,8,8]4-194Augmented-major-7-flavored
Q867 (Lower Slope)[8,6,7]4-Z154All-interval tetrachord

A.2 The five species — at a glance

SpeciesNotes per chordAllowed motionsAllowed non-chord tones
1st1single-edge cantus motionnone
2nd2single-edge cantus motionpassing, anticipation
3rd4single-edge cantus motionpassing, neighbor, anticipation, cambiata
4thmixedsingle-edge cantus motion + fiber inversionssuspension (held across bar)
5thfreeall motion typesall categories, with stepwise treatment

A.3 The cadential formula

StepChordFunction
Penultimate-1Saddle ([6,8,6])Maximum tension; two d5s
PenultimateSlope ([7,8,6] or [7,7,6])Partial resolution; one d5 remains
CadenceSummit ([7,7,7])Full resolution; three P5s

The voice motion across this two-edge cadence is two single-semitone descents (or ascents), each widening a tritone (d5→P5) or contracting an augmented fifth (A5→P5). When both motions occur simultaneously across the two-edge cadence, the listener perceives a unified resolution event — the OTH analog of the V→I tonal cadence.

A.4 The eight positive rules (from the working memo)

  1. Path Continuity. Every transition between successive chords is a legal chord-graph motion type.
  2. Cadential Direction. Cadences are approached through tension chords (Saddle, Slope, or related).
  3. Tension Preparation. Saddle chords should be preceded by a chord at chord-graph distance 1 from them.
  4. Resolution Pacing. From a Saddle, both tritones should resolve to perfect fifths within two chord-graph edges.
  5. Avoid Orbit-Persistence. Three or more consecutive chord-graph edges within the same orbit produce voice fusion.
  6. Wing Awareness. The piece should have a coherent wing-color identity, with wing crossings made deliberately.
  7. Degree-Gradient Direction. Phrase-level motion should follow a meaningful trajectory through the degree landscape.
  8. Fiber as Color, Not Function. Fiber inversions vary registral character without altering harmonic identity.